In addition to changing a file’s read, write, and execute/search permissions, you can change its special mode bits. See Structure of File Mode Bits, for a summary of these special mode bits.
To change the file mode bits to set the user ID on execution, use ‘u’ in the users part of the symbolic mode and ‘s’ in the permissions part.
To change the file mode bits to set the group ID on execution, use ‘g’ in the users part of the symbolic mode and ‘s’ in the permissions part.
To set both user and group ID on execution, omit the users part of the symbolic mode (or use ‘a’) and use ‘s’ in the permissions part.
To change the file mode bits to set the restricted deletion flag or sticky bit, omit the users part of the symbolic mode (or use ‘a’) and use ‘t’ in the permissions part.
For example, to set the set-user-ID mode bit of a program, you can use the mode:
u+s
To remove both set-user-ID and set-group-ID mode bits from it, you can use the mode:
a-s
To set the restricted deletion flag or sticky bit, you can use the mode:
+t
The combination ‘o+s’ has no effect. On GNU systems the combinations ‘u+t’ and ‘g+t’ have no effect, and ‘o+t’ acts like plain ‘+t’.
The ‘=’ operator is not very useful with special mode bits. For example, the mode:
o=t
does set the restricted deletion flag or sticky bit, but it also removes all read, write, and execute/search permissions that users not in the file’s group might have had for it.
See Directories and the Set-User-ID and Set-Group-ID Bits, for additional rules concerning set-user-ID and set-group-ID bits and directories.