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<title>Third Party Ideas
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
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<h2 id="ThirdPartyIdeas">Third Party Ideas</h2>
<div class="thin"></div>

<div class="comment">
<p>
These articles give other people's philosophical
opinions in support of free software, or related issues, and don't
speak for the GNU project — but Project—but we more or less agree with them.</p>

<p>
Many of the
<a href="/links/links.html#FreedomOrganizations">Organizations that Work
for Freedom in Computer Development and Electronic Communications</a>
also have philosophical opinions in support of free software, or
related issues.</p>
</div>

<ul>

<div class="toc">
<h3 class="no-display">Table of Contents</h3>
<ul class="columns">
 <li><a href="/philosophy/lessig-fsfs-intro.html">Introduction by
  Lawrence Lessig</a> to 
  <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><i> href="#extension">Extending the Free Software, Software Idea to Other Areas</a></li>
 <li><a href="#upholding">Upholding Software Freedom</a></li>
 <li><a href="#licensing">Licensing Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
  M. Stallman</i></a>.</li> Software</a></li>
 <li><a
  href="http://freedom-to-tinker.com/blog/tblee/trouble-free-riding">The
  Trouble with “Free Riding”</a>, by Timothy B. Lee.</li> href="#laws">Legal Issues</a>
  <ul>
  <li><a
  href="http://www.cato-unbound.org/2008/06/09/rasmus-fleischer/the-future-of-copyright/">The
  Future of Copyright</a>, an essay by Rasmus Fleischer.</li> href="#patents">Patents</a></li>
  <li><a
  href="http://cic.unb.br/~rezende/trabs/stockholm.html">The
  Digital Stockholm Syndrome</a>: reflections over some psychological
  responses to market forces, by Pedro Rezende, University of Brasilia.</li> href="#copyright">Copyright</a></li>
  <li><a href="http://questioncopyright.org">QuestionCopyright.org</a>
  is a web site about the history and effects of copyright, dedicated
  to raise awareness of the harmful consequences of today's copyright
  system.</li>
  <li>
    <a href="http://www.informationweek.com/how-vista-lets-microsoft-lock-users-in/d/d-id/1049559">
       How Vista Lets Microsoft Lock Users In</a> by Cory Doctorow.
       <b>Note:</b> We think it is a mistake to use the enemy's favorable-sounding href="#noip">The propaganda terms such as
       “trusted computing” term “Intellectual
    Property”</a></li>
  <li><a href="#sco">Response to describe a malicious plan.
  </li>
  <li>
    <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180914161858/http://movingtofreedom.org/archives/">
    movingtofreedom.org</a>,
    Scott Carpenter's blog with many freedom-related articles. SCO's attacks</a></li>
  </ul>
 </li>
  <li>
    <a href="http://lwn.net/Articles/194701/">A couple of lessons on the hazards of proprietary software</a>.
 <li><a href="#cultural">Cultural and Social Issues</a>
  <ul>
  <li><a href="#general">General</a></li>
  <li><a href="#society">Digital society</a></li>
  <li><a href="#access">Accessing culture</a></li>
  <li><a href="#funding">Funding cultural works</a></li>
  <li><a href="#drm">Digital restrictions management and treacherous computing</a></li>
  <li><a href="#evils">Surveillance, censorship, lock-in, etc.</a></li>
  </ul>
 </li>
  <li>
    <a href="http://southflorida.bizjournals.com/southflorida/stories/2006/07/03/story8.html">
      Multiple doctors cut off from records by Dr. Notes</a>,
    an example of how proprietary software gives the developers unjust power over
 <li><a href="#humor">Philosophical Humor</a></li>
</ul>
<hr class="no-display" />
</div>

<h3 id="extension">Extending the users.
  </li>
  <li>Jimmy Wales explains why Free Software Idea to Other Areas</h3>

<ul class="no-bullet">
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[2004]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="http://blog.jimmywales.com/index.php/archives/2004/10/21/free-knowledge-requires-free-software-and-free-file-formats/">
  Free Knowledge requires Free Software and Free File Formats</a>. In this paper, he Formats</a>
  (by Jimmy Wales)
  — This paper also exposes explains why
  <a href="http://www.wikipedia.org">Wikipedia</a> needs to be free
  software.</li>
  <li><a href="http://www.juergen-ernst.de/info_swpat_en.html">Software patents under the
      magnifying glass</a>. In this article, the author uses arguments
      based on lambda calculus to show why software cannot be patented.</li>
  <li><a href="http://lwn.net/Articles/204641/">Free gadgets need
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2010]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="https://simplemachines.it/index.php/historical-projects/sim-one">
  Sim.One hardware project</a>
  — This project of SimpleMachines has created free
      software</a>, an editorial reporting (as in freedom)
  computer design specifications.</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2007]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="/philosophy/why-audio-format-matters.html">
  Why Audio Format matters</a>
  (by Karl Fogel)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2001-2004]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221223329/http://www.piecepack.org/">Piecepack</a>
  — A set of boardgame pieces which everyone is free to use in creating
  or playing various types of games.</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1997]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="/philosophy/nonsoftware-copyleft.html">
  Applying Copyleft To Non-Software Information</a>
  (by Michael Stutz)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1994]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="http://www.ram.org/ramblings/philosophy/fmp.html">
  The Free Music Philosophy</a>
  (by Ram Samudrala)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1974]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="https://archive.org/details/ETC3140">
  Tom Swift Lives!</a>
  (by Lee Felsenstein)
  — The author designed a firmware “upgrade” simple, easily repairable computer terminal.
  With this “Tom Swift Terminal,” he tried to counteract the
  growing control over users that
      removes computer hardware manufacturers were
  gaining in the ability to record radio broadcasts.</li>
  <li>Lakhani '70s. This practical goal is in line with the goals of
  free software, but the philosophy behind it (developed in Ivan Illich's
  <cite>Tools for Conviviality</cite>, Harper and Wolf's Row, 1973) only has a very
  partial convergence with the free software idea.</li>
</ul>

<h3 id="upholding">Upholding Software Freedom</h3>

<ul class="no-bullet">
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2005]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  Penguin in the Pew
  (by Donald Parris), published by Lulu.com, ISBN 978-1-4116-3012-3
  — Free software from a Christian perspective. An old version of
  the book is available as a <a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-management/15-352-managing-innovation-emerging-trends-spring-2005/readings/lakhaniwolf.pdf">paper 
  href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060822161207/http://textbookrevolution.org/files/pitp.pdf">
  PDF</a>.</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2005]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/15-352-managing-innovation-emerging-trends-spring-2005/8733c45a525ebcede867a9fb282398ca_lakhaniwolf.pdf">
  Why Hackers Do What They Do: Understanding Motivation and Effort in
  Free/Open Source Software Projects</a>
  (by Karim R. Lakhani and Robert G. Wolf)
  — A research paper on the motivation of free software developers</a> developers,
  which says that a considerable fraction are motivated by the view that
  software should be free.  This was despite the fact that they surveyed
  the developers on SourceForge, a site that does not support the view that
  this is an ethical issue.</li>
  <li><a href="http://www.theinquirer.net/?article=11663">Groklaw
  sends a Dear Darl letter</a>: a group from
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2004]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/7813">Bit Prepared II: Richard
  Stallman Meets the World Scout Bureau</a>
  (by Marco Fioretti)
  — A discussion between Marco Fioretti, Ray Saunders and Richard
  Stallman about the similarities between the ideals of scouting and free
  software, and ways to uphold free software in scouting.</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2002]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="http://www.fsfla.org/~lxoliva/papers/free-software/selection-html/">
  Competitive Advantages of Free Software</a>
  (by Alexandre Oliva)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2002]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030904102640/http://proposicion.org.ar/doc/gob/Conde-281102/index.html.en">
  Senator Alberto Conde's answer to CESSI</a> (translated from Spanish)
  — The <abbr title="Chamber of Software and
  open source community has put together a response Information Technology Services">
  CESSI</abbr> had raised objections to SCO CEO Darl
  McBride's Open
  <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030204005052/http://www.proposicion.org.ar/proyecto/leyes/E-135.02-03/">
  Bill E-135/02-03</a> (submitted by Senator Alberto Conde himself), which
  proposed the use of free software in the public sector for the province
  of Buenos Aires.</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2002]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030207075039/http://www.pimientolinux.com/peru2ms/villanueva_to_ms.html">
  Letter of Peruvian Congressman Dr. Edgar David Villanueva Nuñez to
  a Microsoft manager</a>
  — The Microsoft official had criticized the Open Source Community.</li>
  <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20060313152550/http://www.hardwarecentral.com/hardwarecentral/editorials/4788/1/">Hardware
  Central [Archived Page]</a>.  We disagree with one aspect country's
  pending Free Software in Public Administration bill. This letter
  (translated from Spanish) does an excellent job of this article's
  conclusion: It's not legitimate for allaying concerns
  about free software often raised by Microsoft to help Disney and the
  RIAA impose others.</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1999]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010410172314/http://www-personal.si.umich.edu/~beejoo/gnuproject.html">
  The GNU Project FTP Site: A Digital Restrictions Management on you, any more than Collection Supporting a Social Movement</a>
  (by Michelle Bejian)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1999]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="/philosophy/software-libre-commercial-viability.html">
  Software Libre and Commercial Viability</a>
  (by Alessandro Rubini)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1997]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="/philosophy/free-world.html">
  Only the Free World Can Stand Up to Microsoft</a>
  (by Tom Hull)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1960]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/367177.367178">
  Letter to the editor of the Communications of the ACM [vol.3, no.4,
  pp.A12-A13]</a>
  (by Bernard Galler)
  — As early as 1960, the author says in part (mentioning price, but
  clearly implying freedom):
  <blockquote>
     <p>
     <i>… it is legitimate clear that what is being
     charged for Disney and is the RIAA development of the program, and
     while I am particularly unhappy that it comes from a
     university, I believe it is damaging to try it.  The full power the whole
     profession. There isn't a 704 installation that hasn't
     directly benefited from the free exchange of
  computing should be available programs
     made possible by the distribution facilities of SHARE.
     If we start to you, not just sell our programs, this will set very
     undesirable precedents.</i>
     </p>
  </blockquote>
  <small>(Thanks to Nelson Beebe for the owners reference.)</small></li>
</ul>

<h3 id="licensing">Licensing Free Software</h3>

<ul class="no-bullet">
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2008]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="/philosophy/vaccination.html">
  Viral Code and Vaccination</a>
  (by Robert J. Chassell)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2006]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/A-Comparative-Ethical-Assessment-of-Free-Software-Chopra-Dexter/e85cbde10ed21ad05698a857f5018cb135c230c2">
  A Comparative Ethical Assessment of
  information.</li>

<li>The SCO Sue Me Petition has overwhelmed its inceptor Free Software Licensing Schemes</a>
  (by Samir Chopra and Scott Dexter)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2001]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010618050431/itworld.com/AppDev/350/LWD010523vcontrol4/pfindex.html">
  Live and let license</a>
  (by Joe Barr)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2001]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030803114409/http://perens.com/Articles/StandTogether.html">
  Free Software Leaders Stand Together</a>
  — A joint statement, cosigned by Richard Stallman, responding to
  comments on the petition is no longer taking votes. GPL by Craig Mundie, of Microsoft.</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2000]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a id="PatentgrantundertheGPL"
     href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170628063222/http://www.advogato.org/article/89.html">
  GPL patent grant for 19 patents</a>
  (by Raph Levien)</li>
</ul>

<h3 id="laws">Legal Issues</h3>

<h4 id="patents">Patents</h4>

<ul class="no-bullet">
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1999-2013]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231120191825/http://www.freeprotocols.org/">
  The Free Protocols Foundation</a>
  — An independent public forum (archived), dedicated to the support of
  patent-free protocols.</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2004]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="http://www.juergen-ernst.de/info_swpat_en.html">
  Software patents under the magnifying glass</a>
  (by Ernst Juergen)
  — In this article, the author uses arguments based on lambda
  calculus to show why software cannot be patented.</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2004]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="/philosophy/patent-practice-panel.html">
  New Developments in Patent Practice: Assessing the Risks and Cost of
  Portfolio Licensing and Hold-ups</a>
  (by Daniel B. Ravicher, executive director of the petition, John Everitt, was expecting only several
responses but instead he had thousands Public Patent Foundation)
  — Transcript of participants. a panel presentation given on Wednesday,
  November 10, 2004, at a conference organized by the Foundation for a Free
  Information Infrastructure (FFII) in Brussels, Belgium.
  <p><em>Note:</em>  The GNU Project disagrees with the article's
  assumption that nonfree programs are morally legitimate competitors.</p></li> 

 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2001-2004]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a
href="https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/6913">In href="http://fare.tunes.org/articles/patents.html">
  Patents Are an Economic Absurdity</a>
  (by Faré)
  <p><em>Note:</em>  This article adopts as a premise the
last available public communication popular view
  that free trade is desirable. We don't always agree—beyond a certain
  point; free trade gives businesses too much power, allowing them to intimidate
  democracy. But that is a different matter.</p></li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2001]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="/philosophy/dmarti-patent.html">
  Patent Reform Now!</a>
  (by Don Marti)
  — A call on free software supporters to nominate
  Richard M. Stallman to the US Patent and Trademark Office's Patent
  Public Advisory Committee.</li>
</ul>

<h4 id="copyright">Copyright</h4>

<ul class="no-bullet">
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2005… ]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240822132449/https://questioncopyright.org/">
  QuestionCopyright.org</a>
  — A website about the petition</a>, he
urged people history and effects of copyright, dedicated
  to help raising awareness of the harmful consequences of today's copyright
  system.</li>
 
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value="<span class='date-tag'>[2017… ]</span>"
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="http://www.fsf.org">FSF</a> href="https://lumendatabase.org/">
  The Lumen database</a> (formerly Chilling Effects)
  — A collection point for cease and desist notices concerning
  online activity—we invite visitors to enter C&Ds they have
  received or sent.  The website collects the C&Ds in any
way possible.</li>

<li><a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030904102640/http://proposicion.org.ar/doc/gob/Conde-281102/index.html.en">Senator
Alberto Conde's answer</a> a searchable
  database and hyperlinks them to CESSI regarding Bill E-135/02-03 which proposes explanations of the legal
  issues.</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2008]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="http://www.cato-unbound.org/2008/06/09/rasmus-fleischer/the-future-of-copyright/">
  The Future of Copyright</a>
  (by Rasmus Fleischer)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2002]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="http://eon.law.harvard.edu/openlaw/eldredvashcroft/progress.html">
  What is Congress Supposed to Promote?</a>
  (by Malla Pollack)
  — This article explains how the United States government's recent
  tendencies to provide maximum control to copyright holders defies the
  justification for establishment of copyright set out in the
  constitution.</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2001]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=267848#PaperDownload">Locating
  Copyright Within the First Amendment Skein</a>
  (by Neil W. Netanel)
  — The author argues that the United States court system has been
  wrong in its dated assumption that fair use eliminates the conflict
  between copyright law and the First Amendment.</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2001]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/28/0121209&mode=nocomment">
  A book review of <cite>Digital Copyright</cite></a></li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2000, 2017]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="https://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/maize/mpub9798641">
  Digital Copyright</a>
  (by Jessica Littman), published by the University of Michigan Library</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1999]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130509191813/http://www.maui.net/%7Ezen_gtr/zgzinepg4.html">
  The Manifesto: Piracy is Your Friend</a>
  (by Jaron Lanier)
  <p><em>Note:</em>  The GNU Project recommends
  <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy">avoiding the term
  piracy</a> since it implies that sharing copies is somehow
  illegitimate.</p></li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1999]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="http://old.law.columbia.edu/my_pubs/anarchism.html">
  Anarchism Triumphant: Free Software in and the public sector for Death of Copyright</a>
  (by Eben Moglen)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2000]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="http://www.compilerpress.ca/Cultural%20Economics/Works/CPU%202000.htm">
  Copyright C.P.U.</a>
  (by Harry Hillman Chartrand)
  — This is a good summary of the province history of Buenos Aires. copyright.</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2000]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030204005052/http://www.proposicion.org.ar/proyecto/leyes/E-135.02-03/">The
bill</a> has been submitted id="ConceptofCopyrightFightsMarkoff"
     href="http://www.nytimes.com/library/tech/00/05/biztech/articles/10digital.html">
  The Concept of Copyright Fights for Internet Survival</a>
  (by John Markoff)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2000]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a id="TheRealPurposeOfCopyrightBerry"
     href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150331194505/http://lj.libraryjournal.com/2000/07/copyright/the-real-purpose-of-copyright/">
  The Real Purpose of Copyright</a>
  (by John N. Berry III)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2000]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="https://www.lewrockwell.com/2000/09/stephan-kinsella/in-defense-of-napster-and-against-the-second-homesteading-rule/">
  In Defense of Napster and Against the Second Homesteading Rule</a>
  (by Lew Rockwell)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1841]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/2170/2170-h/2170-h.htm#2H_4_0018">
  Speech by Senator Alberto Conde himself.</li>

<li>Some British historian Thomas Macaulay</a>
  — He had ideas about copyright in 1841 which still hold true today.</li>
</ul>

<h4 id="noip">The propaganda term “Intellectual Property”</h4>

<p>The GNU Project <a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">rejects</a> the 
term “intellectual property” for spreading confusion; we 
urge everyone to reject it entirely.</p>

<ul class="no-bullet">
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2003]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="https://reason.com/2003/03/01/creation-myths-2/">
  Creation Myths: Does innovation require intellectual property rights?</a>
  (by Douglas Clement) 
  — Some economists argue that copyright and patents <a
href="https://reason.com/2003/03/01/creation-myths-2/"> fail to promote
  the progress</a> progress that they supposedly exist to promote.
<p>
  <p><em>Note:</em>  This article takes a narrowly economic view of its subject, measuring
  social alternatives only by what goods are available for what price,
  assuming that you the citizen are a mere consumer and place no value
  on your freedom in itself.  It also uses the misleading term
<a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#IntellectualProperty">“intellectual
property”</a>, “<a 
  href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#IntellectualProperty">intellectual
  property</a>,” which is misleading because it lumps copyrights and
  patents together.  The article also lumps them together, which it can
  get away with because it ignores the (different) social issues that
  copyrights and patents raise.
</p><p>
Despite raise.</p>
  <p>Despite those flaws, it is significant. If one can judge
  copyright to be harmful even on narrow economic terms, disregarding the
  ethical wrong of stopping people from sharing, it can only be even more
  harmful
once when we consider the ethics as well.
</p></li>

  <li>Two articles by Duncan Campbell describe how NSA backdoors were
  hidden in proprietary software programs:
  <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130723003646/http://www.heise.de/tp/artikel/2/2898/1.html">Only NSA can
  listen, so that's OK</a> and <a
  href="https://www.heise.de/tp/features/How-NSA-access-was-built-into-Windows-3444341.html">How NSA
  access was built into Windows</a>.  Both are clear demonstrations of how
  users of proprietary software can often be unaware of what they are
  actually running.</li>

  <li><a href="http://www.compilerpress.ca/Cultural%20Economics/Works/CPU%202000.htm">Copyright
  C.P.U.</a>, by Harry Hillman Chartrand, is a good summary of the history of
  copyright.</li>

  <li>Malla Pollack's
  <a href="http://eon.law.harvard.edu/openlaw/eldredvashcroft/progress.html">What
  is Congress Supposed to Promote?</a> explains how the United States'
  government's recent tendencies to provide maximum control to copyright
  holders defies the justification for establishment of copyright set out
  in the constitution.</li>

  <li>Peruvian Congressman Dr. Edgar David Villanueva Nuñez wrote a
  letter to a Microsoft manager after they wrote expressing concern about
  the country's pending Free Software in Public Administration bill.  It
  does an excellent job of allaying concerns about free software often
  raised by Microsoft and others.  The English translation of the letter is well.</p></li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2001]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20030207075039/http://www.pimientolinux.com/peru2ms/villanueva_to_ms.html">
  here</a>.</li>

  <li><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2170/2170-h/2170-h.htm#2H_4_0018">British
  historian Thomas Macaulay</a> had ideas about copyright in 1841
  which still hold true today.</li>


  <li>openrevolt.org was a site devoted to providing information about
  the European Copyright Directive and similar legislation.  It
  concentrated on the two principal problems of the EUCD, which make
  it easier for copyright holders to censor webpages on ISPs and give
  legal protection to copy-protection measures.</li>

  <li><a href="http://www.chillingeffects.org">Chilling Effects</a> is
  a collection point for cease and desist notices concerning online
  activity — we invite visitors to enter C&Ds they have
  received or sent.  The website collects the C&Ds in a searchable
  database and hyperlinks them to explanations of the legal
  issues.</li>

  <li><a
  href="http://web.archive.org/web/20020222080928/www.byte.com/documents/s=2302/byt1011380870846/">
  Coding is a Crime</a>, by Shannon Cochran, is a commentary on the indictment
  of Jon Johansen on felony charges for helping write DeCSS.</li>

  <li><a href="http://law.duke.edu/pd/papers/boyle.pdf">The Second Enclosure Movement
  and the Construction of the Public Domain</a>, by James Boyle.</li>

  <li><a href="http://besser.tsoa.nyu.edu/howard/Papers/pw-public-spaces.html">Intellectual href="https://besser.tsoa.nyu.edu/howard/Papers/pw-public-spaces.html">
  Intellectual Property: The Attack on Public Space in Cyberspace</a>, by Cyberspace</a>
  (by Howard Besser, Besser)
  — This article describes how various industries are using their
  leverage with copyright to make fewer locations on the Internet less and
  less public.</li>

  <li><a href="http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=267848#PaperDownload">Locating
  Copyright Within the First Amendment Skein</a>, by Neil W. Netanel,
  argues that the United States court system has been wrong in its dated
  assumption that fair use eliminates the conflict between copyright law
  and the First Amendment.</li>

  <li>Richard Stallman co-signed
  <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20030803114409/http://perens.com/Articles/StandTogether.html">a
joint statement responding to comments by Craig Mundie of Microsoft
[Archived Page]</a>.</li>

  <li>In <a href="/philosophy/dmarti-patent.html">Patent Reform
          Now!</a>, Don Marti calls for free software supporters to
          nominate Richard M. Stallman to US Patent and Trademark Office's
          Patent Public Advisory Committee.</li>

  <li><a href="/philosophy/stophr3028.html">Stop H.R. 3028</a>,
    “The Trademark Cyberpiracy Prevention Act of 1999”.</li>

 <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20010410172314/http://www-personal.si.umich.edu/~beejoo/gnuproject.html">
        The GNU Project FTP Site: A Digital Collection Supporting a Social Movement [Archived Page]</a>, by Michelle Bejian.</li>

 <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20000815064842/http://oppression.nerdherd.org/Stories/1998/9810/ucla/ucla.html">UCLA
        discriminates against students using GNU/Linux.  One part of
        their justification is supporting the power of software
        owners. [Archived Page]</a></li>

 <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/19991012082619/http://simson.net/clips/98.Globe.05-07.Read_them_and_weep.htm">Read
        Them And Weep [Archived Page]</a>, by Simson Garfinkel, talks about the
        pending bills that would give information owners sweeping new powers,
        and restrict the activities of users.</li>

  <li><a href="/philosophy/nonsoftware-copyleft.html">Applying Copyleft To
    Non-Software Information</a>, by Michael Stutz.</li>
  <li><a href="/philosophy/free-world.html">Only
       the Free World Can Stand Up to Microsoft</a>, by Tom Hull.</li>
  <li><a href="http://www.ram.org/ramblings/philosophy/fmp.html">The
       Free Music Philosophy</a>, by Ram Samudrala.</li>

  <li>Record companies argue for more copyright power by saying they are
    the support of the musicians.
    <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040916075542/http://www.negativland.com/albini.html">
    This article</a> shows how record companies really treat musicians.</li>

  <!-- the original link was not working, rms suggested i
       make a temporary link -neel
       http://www.musicisum.com/manifesto.shtml
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2001]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->

  <!--
	  
	  05 June 2013: Link Broken. It is not available in web.archive.org
	  because of robots.txt - rsiddharth

  <li><a href="http://www.maui.net/~zen_gtr/zgzinepg4.html">The Manifesto:
       Piracy is Your Friend</a>, by Jaron Lanier.
       <br />
       <strong>Note</strong> that the GNU Project recommends
       <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">avoiding</a> the term
  <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy">piracy</a> since
       it implies that sharing copies is somehow illegitimate.</li> href="http://www.mises.org/journals/jls/15_2/15_2_1.pdf">
  Against Intellectual Property</a>
  (by Stephan Kinsella)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1995]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <li><a href="http://www.ram.org/ramblings/philosophy/fmp/copying_primer.html">A
       primer on the ethics of “Intellectual property”</a>, by Ram Samudrala.</li>
  <li><a href="/philosophy/self-interest.html">Is self-interest sufficient to
       organize a free economy?</a> by Loyd Fueston.</li>

  <li><a href="/philosophy/kragen-software.html">People, places, things and ideas</a> by Kragen Sitaker</li>
  <li><a href="http://freenation.org/a/f31l1.html">The
  <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231202063805/http://freenation.org/a/f31l1.html">
  The Libertarian Case Against Intellectual Property Rights</a> by
  (by Roderick T. Long
       <br /> Long)
  <p><em>Note:</em>  The Free Software Movement does not endorse
  Libertarianism, and <a href="/philosophy/rms-comment-longs-article.html">we href="/philosophy/rms-comment-longs-article.html">
  we do not agree entirely</a> with that article.  But it is useful for
  refuting one specific argument that is made in favor of proprietary software.</li>
  <li><a href="http://old.law.columbia.edu/my_pubs/anarchism.html">Anarchism
       Triumphant:
       Free Software
  software.</p></li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1994]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="http://www.ram.org/ramblings/philosophy/fmp/copying_primer.html">
  A primer on the ethics of “Intellectual property”</a>
  (by Ram Samudrala)</li>
</ul>

<h4 id="sco">Response to SCO's attacks</h4>

<ul class="no-bullet">
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2003]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110807055230/http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/1010603/groklaw-sends-dear-darl-letter">
  Groklaw sends a Dear Darl letter</a>
  (by Egan Orion)
  — A group from the free software and open source community has
  put together a response to SCO CEO Darl McBride's Open Letter to the Death
  Open Source Community.</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2003]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/6913">
  “Hey SCO, Sue Me”: What's Next?</a>
  (by Taran Rampersad)
  — In the last available public communication about the SCO Sue Me
  Petition, its author (John Everitt) urged people to help the
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org">FSF</a> in any way possible. He was expecting
  only several responses, but instead he had thousands of Copyright</a></li>

  <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130409233705/http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/~digger/596/werry_comm.pdf">Imagined participants.</li>
</ul>

<h3 id="cultural">Cultural and Social Issues</h3>

<h4 id="general">General</h4>

<ul class="no-bullet">
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2008]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="http://freedom-to-tinker.com/blog/tblee/trouble-free-riding">
  The Trouble with “Free Riding”</a>
  (by Timothy B. Lee)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1999]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="/philosophy/economics_frank/frank.html">
  Does Studying Economics Inhibit Cooperation?</a>
  (by Robert H. Frank, Thomas Gilovich, and Dennis T. Regan)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1998]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="/philosophy/self-interest.html">
  Is self-interest sufficient to organize a free economy?</a>
  (by Loyd Fueston)</li>
</ul>

<h4 id="society">Digital society</h4>

<ul class="no-bullet">
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2008]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="https://pedro.jmrezende.com.br/trabs/Stockholm.pdf">
  The Digital Stockholm Syndrome</a>
  (by Pedro Rezende)
  — Reflections over some psychological responses to market forces.</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2002]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="/philosophy/lessig-fsfs-intro.html">
  Introduction by Lawrence Lessig</a> to 
  <a href="https://shop.fsf.org/books-docs/free-software-free-society-selected-essays-richard-m-stallman-3rd-edition">
  <cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
  M. Stallman</cite></a></li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1999]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130409233705/http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/~digger/596/werry_comm.pdf">
  Imagined Electronic Community: Representations of Virtual Community in
  Contemporary Business Discourse</a> by
  (by Chris Werry.</li>

  <li><a href="/philosophy/economics_frank/frank.html">Does Studying
       Economics Inhibit Cooperation?</a> by Frank, Gilovich, and Regan.</li>
  <li><a href="http://danny.oz.au/freedom/ip/aidfs.html">Development, Werry)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1999]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="http://danny.oz.au/freedom/ip/aidfs.html">
  Development, Ethical Trading, and Free Software</a> by
  (by Danny Yee.</li>
  <li><a href="/philosophy/bdk.html">The Ballad of Dennis Karjala</a>:
       A political comment in the form of a broadside ballad
       by Timothy R. Phillips.</li>
  <li><a href="/philosophy/ICT-for-prosperity.html">Shaping Yee)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1999?]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="/philosophy/kragen-software.html">
  People, places, things and ideas</a>
  (by Kragen Sitaker)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1996]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="/philosophy/ICT-for-prosperity.html">
  Shaping Collaborative ICT Development and Initiatives for Global Prosperity</a> by
  (by Robert J. Chassell.</li>
  <li><a href="http://www.fsfla.org/~lxoliva/papers/free-software/selection-html/">
       Competitive Advantages of Free Software</a> by Alexandre Oliva.</li>
  <li><a href="http://www.advogato.org/article/89.html"
       id="PatentgrantundertheGPL">Patent grant under Chassell)</li>
</ul>

<h4 id="access">Accessing culture</h4>

<ul class="no-bullet">
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2003]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="https://law.duke.edu/pd/papers/boyle.pdf">
  The Second Enclosure Movement and the GPL</a> by Raph Levien.</li>
  <li><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/library/tech/00/05/biztech/articles/10digital.html"
       id="ConceptofCopyrightFightsMarkoff">The
       Concept Construction of the Public Domain</a>
  (by James Boyle)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2000-2003]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/DeCSS/Gallery/">
  Gallery of CSS Descramblers</a>
  (by D.S. Touretzky)
  — Examples demonstrating how outrageous and absurd the Digital
  Millennium Copyright Fights for Internet Survival</a> by John
       Markoff.</li>

  <li><a id="TheRealPurposeOfCopyrightBerry"
href="http://www.libraryjournal.com/article/CA158872.html">The
       Real Purpose of Copyright</a> by John N. Berry III.</li>
  <li><a id="Copyrightfire" href="/philosophy/fire.html">Copyrighting Fire! (Humor)</a> by Ian Clarke.</li>
  <li><a href="http://www.praxagora.com/andyo/professional/infirmation_technology.html" id="INFOTECH">The Future Brings “Infirmation Technology”</a> by
       Andy Oram.</li>
<!-- Re: Free Protocols Foundation - it's a maintainance nightmare -->
<!-- to have full descriptions in more then one place. -len Act is.</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2002]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
<!-- RMS requests that this link
  <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020222080928/www.byte.com/documents/s=2302/byt1011380870846/">
  Coding is put back, 14 Dec 2000, paulv a Crime</a>
  (by Shannon Cochran)
  — A commentary on the indictment of Jon Johansen on felony charges
  for helping write DeCSS.</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2002]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <li><a href="http://www.freeprotocols.org/">The Free Protocols
       Foundation</a> is an independent public forum, dedicated
  <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090502161838/http://www.openrevolt.org/">
  openrevolt.org</a>
  — This site was devoted to providing information about
  the
       support European Copyright Directive and similar legislation.  It
  concentrated on the two principal problems of patent-free protocols.</li>
  <li><a href="/philosophy/software-libre-commercial-viability.html">Software Libre the EUCD, which make
  it easier for copyright holders to censor webpages on ISPs and Commercial Viability</a> by Alessandro Rubini</li>
  <li><a give
  legal protection to copy-protection measures.</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1998]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="http://www.bmartin.cc/pubs/98il/">
  Information liberation</a> by
  (by Brian Martin. Martin), published by Freedom Press
  <p><em>Note:</em>  We urge people to avoid using the term
  <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">intellectual
       property</a> property</a>, and
  to instead speak about copyrights, patents, and/or
       trademarks.</li>
  <li><a href="http://wearcam.org/seatsale/index.htm">Seat Sale</a>, a
       satire about copyright.</li>

  <li>A trademarks.</p></li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1998]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/DeCSS/Gallery/">gallery</a>
      of examples demonstrating how outrageous href="https://web.archive.org/web/19991012082619/http://simson.net/clips/98.Globe.05-07.Read_them_and_weep.htm">
  Read Them and absurd Weep</a>
  (by Simson Garfinkel)
  — This article talks about the Digital
      Millennium Copyright Act is.</li>

  <li><a href="http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/28/0121209&mode=nocomment">
      A book review pending bills that would give
  information owners sweeping new powers, and restrict the activities
  of <cite>Digital Copyright</cite></a>.</li>

<!-- users.</li>
</ul>

<h4 id="funding">Funding cultural works</h4>

<ul class="no-bullet">
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1993]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="https://genius.com/Steve-albini-the-problem-with-music-annotated">
  The archived version is truncated.
  <li><a
  href="http://web.archive.org/web/20080703140137/http://www.itworld.com/LWD010523vcontrol4">Live and
  let license [archived]</a> Problem With Music</a>
  (by Steve Albini)
  — Record companies argue for more copyright power by Joe Barr.</li> saying they
  are the support of musicians. This article shows how they really treat
  musicians.</li>
</ul>

<h4 id="drm">Digital restrictions management and treacherous computing</h4>

<ul class="no-bullet">
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2022]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="/philosophy/you-the-problem-tpm2-solves.html">
  You, the Problem TPM2 Solves</a>
  (by Chao-Kuei Hung)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2006]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->

  <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221223329/http://www.piecepack.org/">Piecepack</a>
  <a href="https://www.informationweek.com/it-life/how-vista-lets-microsoft-lock-users-in">
  How Vista Lets Microsoft Lock Users In</a>
  (by Cory Doctorow)
  <p><em>Note:</em>  We think it is a set of
  boardgame pieces which everyone is free mistake to use in creating or playing
  various types of games.</li>

  <li>Eastern Gianozia has put together a <a
  href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190924041236/http://www.gianoziaorientale.org/info/foreign_politics.html">
  tongue-in-cheek look at Software Patents and DRM</a>.</li>

  <li><a href="http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/7813">Free Software and Scouting</a></li>

  <li><a href="http://fare.tunes.org/articles/patents.html">Patents Are an Economic Absurdity</a>: This article adopts the enemy's
  favorable-sounding propaganda terms such as “trusted computing”
  to describe a premise the popular view that free trade is desirable. We don't always agree malicious plan.</p></li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2006]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060313152550/http://www.hardwarecentral.com/hardwarecentral/editorials/4788/1/">
  <cite>Hardware Central</cite> editorial</a>
  (by Eric Grevstad)
  — beyond a certain point, free trade gives businesses too much power, allowing them Among other things, it discusses Microsoft's “Trusted
  Computing.”
  <p><em>Note:</em>  We disagree with one aspect of this article's
  conclusion: it's not legitimate for Microsoft to intimidate democracy. But that help Disney and the
  RIAA impose Digital Restrictions Management on you, any more than it
  is a different matter. </li><!-- Description text by RMS -->

   <li><a href="http://www.lewrockwell.com/2000/09/stephan-kinsella/in-defense-of-napster-and-against-the-second-homesteading-rule/">In Defense of Napster legitimate for Disney and Against the Second Homesteading Rule</a></li>

   <li><a href="http://www.mises.org/journals/jls/15_2/15_2_1.pdf">Against Intellectual Property</a>, Spring 2001, Journal RIAA to try it.  The full power of Libertarian Studies (PDF)</li>
<!-- Available only against a fee.
   <li><a href="http://www.lulu.com/dcparris/">Penguin in
  computing should be available to you, not just to the Pew</a>, owners of
  information.</p></li>
</ul>

<h4 id="evils">Surveillance, censorship, lock-in, etc.</h4>

<ul class="no-bullet">
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2006]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="http://lwn.net/Articles/204641/">
  Free Software from gadgets need free software</a>
  (by Jonathan Corbet)
  — An editorial reporting a Christian perspective.</li> firmware “upgrade” that
  removes the ability to record radio broadcasts.</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2006]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
<li><a
href="http://web.archive.org/web/20121029031829/http://www.sci.brooklyn.cuny.edu/~sdexter/Pubs/cepe2005.pdf">
  <a href="https://lwn.net/Articles/194701/">
  A Comparative Ethical Assessment couple of Free Software Licensing Schemes</a>
by Samir Chopra and Scott Dexter</li>

   <li>The lessons on the hazards of proprietary software</a>
  (by Jonathan Corbet)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2006]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20131126094524/http://simplemachines.it/index.php/sim-one-project">SIM.ONE
       hardware project</a> has created free (as in freedom)
       computer design specifications.</li>

   <li><a href="/philosophy/vaccination.html">Viral Code and Vaccination</a>, 
         an article by Robert J. Chassell.</li>

   <li><a href="/philosophy/why-audio-format-matters.html">Why Audio
   Format matters</a> href="http://southflorida.bizjournals.com/southflorida/stories/2006/07/03/story8.html">
  Multiple doctors cut off from records by Karl Fogel</li>

   <li>Not available online, but as early as 1960 Bernard Galler wrote a
   letter to the editor Dr. Notes</a>
  (by Brian Bandell)
  — An example of how proprietary software gives the Communications of developers unjust
  power over the ACM (vol.3, no.4,
   pp.A12-A13), saying in users.</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2000]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000815064842/http://oppression.nerdherd.org/Stories/1998/9810/ucla/ucla.html">
  GNU/Linux discrimination at UCLA</a>
  (by Dan Helfman)
  — One part (mentioning price, but clearly implying
   freedom):
   <blockquote>
     <p>
     … it is clear that what is being
     charged for is the development of the program, and
     while I am particularly unhappy that it comes from a
     university, I believe it their justification is damaging to the whole
     profession. There isn't a 704 installation that hasn't
     directly benefited from supporting the free exchange power of programs
     made possible
  software owners.</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1999]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130723003646/http://www.heise.de/tp/artikel/2/2898/1.html">
  Only NSA can listen, so that's OK</a>, and <a
  href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230407145549/https://www.telepolis.de/features/How-NSA-access-was-built-into-Windows-3444341.html">
  How NSA access was built into Windows</a>
  (both by the distribution facilities Duncan Campbell)
  — These articles describe how NSA backdoors were hidden in
  proprietary software programs.  Both are clear demonstrations of SHARE.
     If we start to sell our programs, this will set very
     undesirable precedents.
     </p>
   </blockquote>
   (Thanks to Nelson Beebe for how
  users of proprietary software can often be unaware of what they are
  actually running.</li>
</ul>

<h3 id="humor">Philosophical Humor</h3>

<ul class="no-bullet">
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2011]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="https://maxbarry.com/2011/03/23/news.html">
  Tomato parable</a>
  (by Max Barry)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2009]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190924041236/http://www.gianoziaorientale.org/info/foreign_politics.html">
  Eastern Gianozia</a>
  — A tongue-in-cheek look at software patents and DRM.</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2001]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211118053107/http://wearcam.org/seatsale/index.htm">
  Seat Sale</a>
  (by Steve Mann)
  — A satire about copyright.</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2000]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a href="/philosophy/bdk.html">
  The Ballad of Dennis Karjala</a>
  (by Timothy R. Phillips)
  — A political comment in the reference.)</li> form of a broadside ballad.</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2000]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a id="Copyrightfire" href="/philosophy/fire.html">
  Copyrighting Fire!</a>
  (by Ian Clarke)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2000]</span>'
  --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
  <a id="INFOTECH" href="http://www.praxagora.com/andyo/professional/infirmation_technology.html">
  The Future Brings “Infirmation Technology”</a>
  (by Andy Oram)</li>
</ul>
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