# LANGUAGE translation of https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/nonsoftware-copyleft.html # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This file is distributed under the same license as the original article. # FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: nonsoftware-copyleft.html\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-10 12:25+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. type: Content of: <title> msgid "" "Applying Copyleft To Non-Software Information - GNU Project - Free Software " "Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h2> msgid "Applying Copyleft To Non-Software Information" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><address> msgid "by <a href=\"http://dsl.org/\">Michael Stutz</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "First, what is Copyleft?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The entry for “<a href=\"/licenses/copyleft.html\">copyleft</a>” " "in the definitive hacker lexicon, the <a " "href=\"http://www.jargon.net/jargonfile/c/copyleft.html\">Jargon File</a>, " "reads:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "" "copyleft: /kop'ee-left/ [play on “copyright”] n. 1. The " "copyright notice (“General Public License”) carried by GNU EMACS " "and other Free Software Foundation software, granting reuse and reproduction " "rights to all comers (but see also General Public Virus). 2. By extension, " "any copyright notice intended to achieve similar aims." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The idea of <a href=\"/licenses/copyleft.html\">copyleft</a> originated with " "über-hacker <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\"> Richard Stallman</a> " "in 1983 when he started the <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-history.html\">GNU " "Project</a>. In brief, his goal was “to develop a complete free " "Unix-like operating system.” As part of that goal, he invented and " "wrote the <a href=\"/licenses/gpl.html\">GNU General Public License</a>, a " "legal construct that included a copyright notice but added to it (or, " "technically, removed certain restrictions), so its terms allowed for the " "freedoms of reuse, modification and reproduction of a work or its " "derivatives to be kept for all." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Normal <a " "href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190805143144/http://www.angelfire.com/planet/carroll/index2.html\"> " "copyright</a> asserts ownership and identification of the author, as well as " "prevents the use of the author's name as author of a distorted version of " "the work; it also prevents intentional distortion of the work by others and " "prevents destruction of the work. But it also carries other " "restrictions—such as restricting the reproduction or modification of a " "work." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Copyleft contains the normal copyright statement, asserting ownership and " "identification of the author. However, it then <em>gives away</em> some of " "the other rights implicit in the normal copyright: it says that not only are " "you free to redistribute this work, but you are also free to change the " "work. However, you cannot claim to have written the original work, nor can " "you claim that these changes were created by someone else. Finally, all " "derivative works must also be placed under these terms." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Why is Copyleft important, or even necessary?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Certain restrictions of copyright—such as distribution and " "modification—are not very useful to “cyberia,” the " "“free, apolitical, democratic community” that constitutes the " "internetworked digital world." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "With computers, perfect copies of a digital work can easily be " "made—and even modified, or further distributed—by others, with " "no loss of the original work. As individuals interact in cyberia, sharing " "information—then reacting and building upon it—is not only " "natural, but this is the <em>only</em> way for individual beings to thrive " "in a community. In essence, the idea of copyleft is basic to the natural " "propagation of digital information among humans in a society. This is why " "the regular notion of copyright does not make sense in the context of " "cyberia." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Simple “public domain” publication will not work, because some " "will try to abuse this for profit by depriving others of freedom; as long as " "we live in a world with a legal system where legal abstractions such as " "copyright are necessary, as responsible artists or scientists we will need " "the formal legal abstractions of copyleft that ensure our freedom and the " "freedom of others." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Much literature has been written on this subject by Stallman, and the " "details can be found in the excellent <a " "href=\"/philosophy/philosophy.html\">texts</a> published by the Free " "Software Foundation." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "So why isn't the FSF's GNU GPL good enough?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "It <em>is</em> good enough! The GNU GPL is not only a document of " "significant historical and literary value, but it is in wide use today for " "countless software programs—those as formal part of the GNU Project " "and otherwise. The GNU GPL originated for the specific goal of sharing " "software among computer programmers. However, looking closely at the GPL, it " "appears that the same License can be easily applied to non-software " "information." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Alternately, a document can be copylefted under different, or much simpler " "terms; whether or not the GNU GPL is the specific means to the end is not " "the issue, although the GNU GPL certainly provides the most explicit (and " "canonical) definition of copyleft." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Ok, so how do I copyleft my non-software work?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "It's simple. While a particular situation may require or inspire its own " "specific License, possibly similar to the GNU GPL, all that a copyleft " "notice must really do is fulfill the points as defined above in “<a " "href=\"#what\">First, what is Copyleft?</a>” Using the GNU GPL to " "copyleft your work is easy." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The GNU GPL states that it “applies to any program or other work which " "contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be " "distributed under the terms of this General Public License,” so this " "“Program,” then, may not necessarily be a computer software " "program—any work of any nature that can be copyrighted can be " "copylefted with the GNU GPL." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The GNU GPL references the “source code” of a work; this " "“source code” will mean different things for different kinds of " "information, but the definition of “source code”—provided " "in the GNU GPL—holds true in any case: “The source code for a " "work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to " "it.”" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The notices attached to the work can not always be attached “to the " "start of each source file,” as recommended by the GNU GPL. In this " "case, the directory that the files reside should contain a notice, as should " "any accompanying documentation or literature." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Finally, for non-software works the “copyright” line included at " "the start of the “source code” of the work is modified in " "language slightly:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "<one line to give the work's name and a brief idea of what it does.>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "Copyright (C) yyyy <name of author>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "" "This information is free; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the " "terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software " "Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later " "version." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "" "This work is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY " "WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS " "FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more " "details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License " "along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., " "31 Milk St # 960789, Boston, MA 02196, USA." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Where do I go from here?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Here are sources for further information on copyleft, especially as it is " "applied to non-software information:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The <a href=\"/home.html\">rest of this web site</a> is the home of the GNU " "Project and is the canonical source for copyleft and free software<a " "href=\"#f1\">(1)</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<a href=\"http://www.ram.org/\">Ram Samudrala</a> wrote the <a " "href=\"http://www.ram.org/ramblings/philosophy/fmp.html\">Free Music " "Philosophy</a> and creates copylefted music as the band Twisted Helices." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Some of my own non-software copylefted works include texts (literature, " "reviews, <a " "href=\"http://dsl.org/cookbook/cookbook_toc.html\">technical</a>) and " "music." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Footnote" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ol><li> msgid "" "Before 2020, “free software” was confusingly referred to as " "“freely-redistributable.”" msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes. #. type: Content of: <div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a " "href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a " "href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and " "other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a " "href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, #. replace it with the translation of these two: # #. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality #. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection. #. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard #. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> # #. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> # #. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of #. our web pages, see <a #. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations #. README</a>. #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please see the <a " "href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> " "for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this " "article." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Copyright © 1997, 2020 Michael Stutz" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in any " "medium, provided this notice is preserved." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits. #. type: Content of: <div><div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*" msgstr "" #. timestamp start #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Updated:" msgstr ""