# LANGUAGE translation of https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.html # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This file is distributed under the same license as the original article. # FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: microsoft-antitrust.html\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2021-09-10 11:26+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. type: Content of: <title> msgid "" "The Microsoft Antitrust Trial and Free Software - GNU Project - Free " "Software Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h2> msgid "The Microsoft Antitrust Trial and Free Software" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "With the Microsoft antitrust trial moving toward a conclusion, the question " "of what to demand of Microsoft if it loses is coming to the fore. Ralph " "Nader is even [when this was written, in March 1999] organizing a conference " "about the question (see <a " "href=\"http://www.appraising-microsoft.org/\">appraising-microsoft.org</a>)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The obvious answers—to restrict contracts between Microsoft and " "computer manufacturers, or to break up the company—will not make a " "crucial difference. The former might encourage the availability of " "computers with the GNU/Linux system preinstalled, but that is happening " "anyway. The latter would mainly help other proprietary application " "developers compete, which would only offer users alternative ways to let go " "of their freedom." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "So I propose three remedies that would help enable <a " "href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">free software</a> operating systems such " "as GNU/Linux compete technically while respecting users' freedom. These " "three remedies directly address the three biggest obstacles to development " "of free operating systems, and to giving them the capability of running " "programs written for Windows. They also directly address the methods " "Microsoft has said (in the “Halloween documents”) it will use to " "obstruct free software. It would be most effective to use all three of " "these remedies together." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ol><li> msgid "" "Require Microsoft to publish complete documentation of all interfaces " "between software components, all communications protocols, and all file " "formats. This would block one of Microsoft's favorite tactics: secret and " "incompatible interfaces." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ol><li><p> msgid "" "To make this requirement really stick, Microsoft should not be allowed to " "use a nondisclosure agreement with some other organization to excuse " "implementing a secret interface. The rule must be: if they cannot publish " "the interface, they cannot release an implementation of it." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ol><li><p> msgid "" "It would, however, be acceptable to permit Microsoft to begin implementation " "of an interface before the publication of the interface specifications, " "provided that they release the specifications simultaneously with the " "implementation." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ol><li><p> msgid "" "Enforcement of this requirement would not be difficult. If other software " "developers complain that the published documentation fails to describe some " "aspect of the interface, or how to do a certain job, the court would direct " "Microsoft to answer questions about it. Any questions about interfaces (as " "distinguished from implementation techniques) would have to be answered." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ol><li><p> msgid "" "Similar terms were included in an agreement between IBM and the European " "Community in 1984, settling another antitrust dispute. See <a " "href=\"http://www.cptech.org/at/ibm/ibm1984ec.html\"> www.cptech.org</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ol><li> msgid "" "Require Microsoft to use its patents for defense only, in the field of " "software. (If they happen to own patents that apply to other fields, those " "other fields could be included in this requirement, or they could be " "exempt.) This would block the other tactic Microsoft mentioned in the " "Halloween documents: using patents to block development of free software." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ol><li><p> msgid "" "We should give Microsoft the option of using either self-defense or mutual " "defense. Self defense means offering to cross-license all patents at no " "charge with anyone who wishes to do so. Mutual defense means licensing all " "patents to a pool which anyone can join—even people who have no " "patents of their own. The pool would license all members' patents to all " "members." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ol><li><p> msgid "" "It is crucial to address the issue of patents, because it does no good to " "have Microsoft publish an interface, if they have managed to work some " "patented wrinkle into it (or into the functionality it gives access to), " "such that the rest of us are not allowed to implement it." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ol><li> msgid "" "Require Microsoft not to certify any hardware as working with Microsoft " "software, unless the hardware's complete specifications have been published, " "so that any programmer can implement software to support the same hardware." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ol><li><p> msgid "" "Secret hardware specifications are not in general Microsoft's doing, but " "they are a significant obstacle for the development of the free operating " "systems that can provide competition for Windows. To remove this obstacle " "would be a great help. If a settlement is negotiated with Microsoft, " "including this sort of provision in it is not impossible—it would be a " "matter of negotiation." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "This April, Microsoft's Ballmer announced a possible plan to release source " "code for some part of Windows. It is not clear whether that would imply " "making it free software, or which part of Windows it might be. But if " "Microsoft does make some important part of Windows free software, it could " "solve these problems as regards that part. (It could also be a contribution " "to the free software community, if the software in question could be useful " "for purposes other than running other proprietary Microsoft software.)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "However, having the use as free software of a part of Windows is less " "crucial than being <em>permitted</em> to implement all parts. The remedies " "proposed above are what we really need. They will clear the way for us to " "develop a truly superior alternative to Microsoft Windows, in whatever area " "Microsoft does not make Windows free software." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes. #. type: Content of: <div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a " "href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a " "href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and " "other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a " "href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, #. replace it with the translation of these two: # #. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality #. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection. #. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard #. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> # #. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> # #. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of #. our web pages, see <a #. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations #. README</a>. #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please see the <a " "href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> " "for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this " "article." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Copyright © 1999, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" " "href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons " "Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits. #. type: Content of: <div><div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*" msgstr "" #. timestamp start #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Updated:" msgstr ""