# LANGUAGE translation of https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/essays-and-articles.html # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This file is distributed under the same license as the original article. # FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: essays-and-articles.html\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2024-01-17 11:25+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. type: Content of: <title> msgid "Essays and Articles - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h2> msgid "Essays and Articles" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "This page lists a series of articles describing the philosophy of the free " "software movement, which is the motivation for our development of the free " "software operating system GNU." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "The most important articles are marked with asterisks, and listed first in " "each category. The other ones are in reverse chronological order." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><h3> msgid "Table of Contents" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"#aboutfs\">About Free Software</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"#principles\">Principles</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"#practice\">Practice</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"#extension\">Extension to other areas</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"#mix\">Mixing free and nonfree</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"#free-open\">Free software and open source</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"#upholding\">Upholding Software Freedom</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/gnu/gnu.html\">The GNU Project</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"#fsmovement\">The free software movement</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"#need\">The need for free software</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"#action\">Guide for action</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"#LicensingFreeSoftware\">Licensing Free Software</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/licenses/licenses.html\">General information</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"#copyleft\">Copyleft</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"#non-copyleft\">Non-copyleft</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"#traps\">Licensing traps</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"#Laws\">Legal Issues</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"#patents\">Patents</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"#copyright\">Copyright</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"#noip\">The propaganda term “Intellectual " "Property”</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"#sco\">Response to SCO's attacks</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"#cultural\">Cultural and Social Issues</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"#society\">Digital society</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"#drm\">Digital restrictions management and treacherous " "computing</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"#ns\">Network services</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"#access\">Accessing culture</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"#funding\">Funding cultural works</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"#evils\">Surveillance, censorship, lock-in, etc.</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary.html\">Proprietary malware</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"#terminology\">Terminology and Definitions</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/third-party-ideas.html#humor\">Philosophical Humor</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "About Free Software" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Free software is a matter of freedom: people should be free to use software " "in all the ways that are socially useful. Software differs from material " "objects—such as chairs, sandwiches, and gasoline—in that it can " "be copied and changed much more easily. These possibilities make software " "as useful as it is; we believe software users should be able to make use of " "them." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h4> msgid "Principles" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. *[1996… ]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\"> What is Free Software?</a>" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. *[2015]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> Free " "Software Is Even More Important Now</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. *[1996]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/selling.html\"> Selling Free Software</a> — This " "is OK!" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2012]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/programs-must-not-limit-freedom-to-run.html\"> Why " "programs must not limit the freedom to run them</a> (by RMS) — " "Freedom 0 must not be limited." msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2007]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/your-freedom-needs-free-software.html\"> Your Freedom " "Needs Free Software</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [1994]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\"> Why Software Should Not Have " "Owners</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [1991]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/shouldbefree.html\"> Why Software Should Be Free</a> " "(by RMS) — An older and longer essay about the same topic as the " "previous one." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h4> msgid "Practice" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. *[2023]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/tivoization.html\"> Tivoization</a> — When free " "software isn't free in practice" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. *[1999-2011]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/when-free-software-isnt-practically-superior.html\"> " "When Free Software Isn't (Practically) Superior</a> (by Benjamin Mako Hill)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2015]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/applying-free-sw-criteria.html\"> Applying the Free " "Software Criteria</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2014]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/imperfection-isnt-oppression.html\"> Imperfection is " "not the same as oppression</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2011]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/android-and-users-freedom.html\"> Android and Users' " "Freedom</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [1997-2011]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/software/reliability.html\"> Free Software is More Reliable!</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h4> msgid "Extension to other areas" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. *[1996]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-doc.html\"> Why Free Software Needs Free " "Documentation</a>" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2020]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-rocket.html\"> Should Rockets Have Only " "Free Software? Free Software and Appliances</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2015]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-hardware-designs.html\"> Free Hardware and Free " "Hardware Designs</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2015]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/loyal-computers.html\"> What Does It Mean for Your " "Computer to Be Loyal?</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2012]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree.html\"> Network " "Services Aren't Free or Nonfree; They Raise Other Issues</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2000]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/gnutella.html\" id=\"Gnutella\"> Regarding " "Gnutella</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h4> msgid "Mixing free and nonfree" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2016]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/when-free-depends-on-nonfree.html\"> When Free " "Software Depends on Nonfree</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2013]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/is-ever-good-use-nonfree-program.html\"> Is It Ever a " "Good Thing to Use a Nonfree Program?</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2005]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/mcvoy.html\"> Thank You, Larry McVoy</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [1998]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/udi.html\"> The Free Software Movement and UDI</a> (by " "RMS)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h4> msgid "Free software and open source" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. *[2007-2021]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> Why “Open " "Source” Misses the Point of Free Software</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2015]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-open-overlap.html\"> How Free Software and Open " "Source Relate as Categories of Programs</a>" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2013]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/floss-and-foss.html\"> FLOSS and FOSS</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2002]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.html\"> Linux, GNU, and Freedom</a> " "(by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2001]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/drdobbs-letter.html\"> Letter from RMS to the Editor " "of Dr. Dobb's Journal</a> on the distinction between open source and the " "free software movement." msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [1998]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.html\"> “Open Source " "Software” or “Free Software”?</a> (replaced by <a " "href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> Why “Open " "Source” Misses the Point of Free Software</a>)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Upholding Software Freedom" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h4> msgid "The GNU Project" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/gnu/gnu.html\">The GNU Operating System</a> — History, " "relationship with Linux, etc." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h4> msgid "The free software movement" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"https://www.fsf.org/\"> The official website of the Free Software " "Foundation</a>" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2004]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/use-free-software.html\"> The Free Software Community " "After 20 Years</a> (by RMS) — With great but incomplete success, what " "now?" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [1999]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/15-years-of-free-software.html\"> 15 Years of Free " "Software</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [1999]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-intro.html\"> Free Software Movement</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h4> msgid "The need for free software" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. *[2011-2017]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/government-free-software.html\"> Measures Governments " "Can Use to Promote Free Software</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. *[2009-2014]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/education/edu-schools.html\"> Why Schools Should Use Exclusively " "Free Software</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2014]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/technological-neutrality.html\"> Technological " "Neutrality and Free Software</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2013]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/uruguay.html\"> Lesson from Uruguay</a> — The " "FSF learned something from a bill presented in Uruguay." msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2005]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/second-sight.html\"> Free Software and " "(e-)Government</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2005]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/fs-and-sustainable-development.html\"> Free Software " "and Sustainable Development</a> (by RMS) — A short article regarding " "the use of proprietary software in cultural development." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h4> msgid "Guide for action" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. *[2024]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/the-moral-and-the-legal.html\"> The Moral and the " "Legal</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. *[2020]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/saying-no-even-once.html\"> Saying No to unjust " "computing even once is help</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. *[2009]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/fs-motives.html\"> Motives For Writing Free " "Software</a>" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2002-2020]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html\" id=\"NoWordAttachments\"> " "We Can Put an End to Word Attachments</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2019]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/install-fest-devil.html\"> Install Fests: What to Do " "about the Deal with the Devil</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2019]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/upgrade-windows.html\"> What Is the Right Way to " "Upgrade an Installation of Windows?</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2018]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/kind-communication.html\"> GNU Kind Communications " "Guidelines</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2017]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/hackathons.html\"> Why Hackathons Should Insist on " "Free Software</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2014]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/contradictory-support.html\"> Beware of Contradictory " "“Support”</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2012]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/devils-advocate.html\"> Why the Devil's Advocate " "Doesn't Help Reach the Truth</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2010]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/practical.html\"> The Advantages of Free Software</a> " "(by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2009]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/pirate-party.html\"> How the Swedish Pirate Party " "Platform Backfires on Free Software</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2009]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/lest-codeplex-perplex.html\"> Lest CodePlex " "perplex</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2008]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/ucita.html\"> Why We Must Fight UCITA</a>" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2008]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/compromise.html\"> Avoiding Ruinous Compromises</a> " "(by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2007]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/social-inertia.html\"> Overcoming Social Inertia</a> " "(by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2004]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/my_doom.html\"> MyDoom and You</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2003]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/kevin-cole-response.html\"> A Response Letter to the " "Word Attachments</a> (by Kevin Cole)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2003]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/anonymous-response.html\"> A Response to Word " "Attachments</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Licensing Free Software" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/licenses/licenses.html\"> Licenses</a> — General " "information on licensing and copyleft" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h4> msgid "Copyleft" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. *[2003]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/why-copyleft.html\"> Why Copyleft?</a>" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. *[1998]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/pragmatic.html\"> Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism</a> (by " "RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2009-2017]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html\"> On Selling Exceptions to " "the GNU GPL</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2014]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/assigning-copyright.html\"> When a Company Asks For " "Your Copyright</a>" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2005]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"https://www.fsf.org/blogs/licensing/20050211.html\"> Censorship " "envy and licensing</a> (by David “Novalis” Turner, on " "<i>fsf.org</i>)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2004]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a " "href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210228133128/https://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/archive/downloads/research/gpl/OIIFB_GPL2_20040903.pdf\"> " "English translation of the famous decision of the District Court of " "Munich</a> regarding the enforceability and validity of the GPL (by the " "translators of the Oxford Internet Institute, on <i>oii.ox.ac.uk</i>)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2002]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/university.html\"> Releasing Free Software if You Work " "at a University</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2001]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/gpl-american-way.html\" id=\"GPLAmericanWay\"> The GNU " "GPL and the American Way</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2001]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/gpl-american-dream.html\" id=\"GPLAmericanDream\"> The " "GNU GPL and the American Dream</a> (by Bradley M. Kuhn)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2001]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/freedom-or-power.html\" id=\"FreedomOrPower\"> Freedom " "or Power?</a> (by Bradley M. Kuhn and RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2001]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/rtlinux-patent.html\"> GPL-compliant version of " "RTLinux Open Patent License in Works</a>" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2001]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.html\" id=\"EnforcingGPL\"> Enforcing " "the GNU GPL</a> (by Eben Moglen)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [1999]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/using-gfdl.html\" id=\"UsingGFDL\"> Using the GNU " "FDL</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h4> msgid "Non-copyleft" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2003]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/apsl.html\"> FSF's Opinion of the Apple Public Source " "License (APSL) 2.0</a>" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2000]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/plan-nine.html\" id=\"PlanNineLicense\"> The Problems " "of the (Earlier) Plan 9 License</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [1998]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/netscape-npl.html\"> On the Netscape Public " "License</a> (by RMS) [<a href=\"/philosophy/netscape-npl-old.html\">older " "version</a>]" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [1998]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/netscape.html\"> Netscape and Free Software</a> " "— An old article that clarifies some misunderstandings about an " "announcement by Netscape." msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [1997]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/motif.html\" id=\"MotifLicense\"> The Motif " "License</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h4> msgid "Licensing traps" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. *[2009-2019]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/javascript-trap.html\"> JavaScript Trap</a> (by RMS) " "— You may be running nonfree programs on your computer every day " "without realizing it—through your web browser." msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2004-2015]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/java-trap.html\" id=\"JavaTrap\"> Free But Shackled - " "The Java Trap</a> (by RMS) — Although Sun has <a " "href=\"https://www.fsf.org/news/fsf-welcomes-gpl-java.html\"> relicensed</a> " "most of its Java platform reference implementation under the GNU General " "Public License, the issue described in this article still remains important." msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [1998-2009]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/x.html\"> The X Window System Trap</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2006]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/sun-in-night-time.html\"> The Curious Incident of Sun " "in the Night-Time</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Legal Issues" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h4> msgid "Patents" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. *[2012]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/limit-patent-effect.html\"> Giving the Software Field " "Protection from Patents</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2011]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.html\"> Europe's “unitary " "patent” could mean unlimited software patents</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2000-2007]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"https://www.eff.org/search/site/dvd%20cases/\"> EFF " "“Intellectual Property”: MPAA (Motion Picture Association of " "America) DVD Cases Archive</a>" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2006]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/trivial-patent.html\"> The Anatomy of a Trivial " "Patent</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2005]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/microsoft-new-monopoly.html\"> Microsoft's New " "Monopoly</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2005]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a " "href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2005/aug/02/comment.business\"> " "Soft sell</a> (by RMS, on <i>theguardian.com</i>) — Comments on the " "defeat of the EU software patenting directive." msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2005]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/bill-gates-and-other-communists.html\"> Bill Gates and " "Other Communists</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2005]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/software-literary-patents.html\" " "id=\"SoftwareLiteraryPatents\"> Software Patents and Literary Patents</a> " "(by RMS) — Speaking of patenting artistic techniques, US patent " "(6,935,954) covers making game characters start to hallucinate when " "(according to the game) they are being driven insane. That is getting pretty " "close to the hypothetical examples cited in this article." msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2004]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/fighting-software-patents.html\" " "id=\"FightingSoftwarePatents\"> Fighting Software Patents—Singly and " "Together</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2005]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a " "href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2005/jun/23/onlinesupplement.insideit\"> " "Patent absurdity</a> (by RMS, on <i>theguardian.com</i>)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2003]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/w3c-patent.html\"> FSF's Position on W3 Consortium " "“Royalty-Free” Patent Policy</a> (rewritten)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2003]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/guardian-article.html\"> Opposing The European " "Software Patent Directive</a> (by RMS and Nick Hill)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2001]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a " "href=\"https://www.eff.org/press/releases/princeton-scientists-sue-over-squelched-research\"> " "Princeton Scientists Sue Over Squelched Research</a> (press release on " "<i>eff.org</i>) — In <cite>Felten v. RIAA</cite>, scientists ask a " "court to rule that the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) does not " "prohibit them from publishing their research." msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2001]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/hague.html\"> Harm from the Hague</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2000]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a " "href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20000815064858/http://www.researchoninnovation.org/patent.pdf\" " "id=\"SequentialIPandI\"> Sequential Innovation, Patents, and Imitation</a> " "(by James Bessen and Eric Maskin, on <i>researchoninnovation.org</i>, " "archived) — This paper presents a mathematical model showing how " "patents can impede progress in fields like software." msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [1999]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/amazon-rms-tim.html\"> Letter from RMS to Tim " "O'Reilly</a> in regard to a statement by Jeff Bezos, CEO of Amazon, on the " "duration of software patents." msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [1999]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/amazon-nat.html\"> Amazon Boycott Success!</a> (a " "letter from Nat Friedman to RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [1999]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/amazon.html\"> (Formerly) Boycott Amazon!</a>" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [1999]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/amazonpatent.html\"> Method and system for placing a " "purchase order via a communications network</a> — Amazon patent with " "notes by RMS" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [1997]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/gif.html\"> Why There Are No GIF Files on GNU Web " "Pages</a> — While this story is a historical illustration of the " "danger of software patents, these particular patents are now no longer a " "concern. For details of our website policies regarding GIFs, see our <a " "href=\"/server/standards/gnu-website-guidelines.html#UseofGraphics\">web " "guidelines</a>." msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [1996]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/savingeurope.html\"> Saving Europe from Software " "Patents</a>" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [1996]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/protecting.html\"> Help Protect the Rights to Write " "Both Nonfree and Free Software</a>" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [1996]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/patent-reform-is-not-enough.html\"> Patent Reform Is " "Not Enough</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h4> msgid "Copyright" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. *[2002]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/misinterpreting-copyright.html\"> Misinterpreting " "Copyright—A Series of Errors</a> (by RMS) — About the flaws in " "popular defenses of copyright law." msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. *[1996]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/reevaluating-copyright.html\"> Reevaluating Copyright: " "The Public Must Prevail</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2010]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/public-domain-manifesto.html\"> Why I Will Not Sign " "the Public Domain Manifesto</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2008]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright.html\"> Freedom—or " "Copyright?</a> (by RMS) [<a " "href=\"/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.html\">older version</a>]" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2002]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/eldred-amicus.html\"> FSF's Brief Amicus Curiae in the " "<cite>Eldred v. Ashcroft</cite> Supreme Court case</a> (by Eben Moglen)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2001]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/push-copyright-aside.html\"> Science must “push " "copyright aside”</a> (by RMS, first published in <a " "href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20050729110347/http://www.nature.com/nature/debates/e-access/Articles/stallman.html\"> " "<cite>Nature WebDebates</cite></a> in 2001) — This article explains " "how copyright is impeding progress in scientific research. You may also be " "interested in <a href=\"https://plos.org/\">The Public Library of " "Science</a>, which is dedicated to making scientific research freely " "available to all on the Internet." msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2001]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a " "href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20030604075825/http://www.humaninfo.org/copyrigh.htm\"> " "Examples of Excellent Copyright Policies</a> (on <i>humaninfo.org</i>, " "archived)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [1999]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a " "href=\"https://cyber.harvard.edu/openlaw/eldredvashcroft/cyber/complaint_orig.html\"> " "Original complaint in <cite>Eldred v. Reno</cite></a> (on " "<i>harvard.edu</i>) — A lawsuit to overturn a law that extends " "copyright by 20 extra years." msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [1996]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/rms-comment-longs-article.html\"> Comments on Roderick " "Long's Article</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h4> msgid "" "The propaganda term “<a " "href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#IntellectualProperty\">Intellectual " "Property</a>”" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. *[2004]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/not-ipr.html\"> Did You Say “Intellectual " "Property”? It's a Seductive Mirage</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2015]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/komongistan.html\"> The Curious History of Komongistan " "(Busting the term “intellectual property”)</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2006]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/no-ip-ethos.html\"> Don't Let “Intellectual " "Property” Twist Your Ethos</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2003]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/ipjustice.html\"> Reject IP Enforcement Directive</a> " "— Comments on the rejection of this directive by the International " "Civil Liberties Coalition." msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2003]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/boldrin-levine.html\"> Review: Boldrin and Levine, " "“The Case Against Intellectual Property”</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h4> msgid "Response to SCO's attacks" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2003-2004]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/sco/sco.html\"> FSF's Position regarding SCO's attacks " "on Free Software</a>" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2003]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/sco/sco-gnu-linux.html\"> SCO, GNU, and Linux</a> (by " "RMS) — How SCO's lawsuit against IBM pertains to the work of the GNU " "project." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Cultural and Social Issues" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h4> msgid "Digital society" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. *[2012]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/stallmans-law.html\"> Stallman's Law</a>" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. *[2009]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/digital-inclusion-in-freedom.html\"> Is Digital " "Inclusion A Good Thing? How Can We Make Sure It Is?</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2007]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/computing-progress.html\"> Computing " "“progress”: good and bad</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2003]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/wsis.html\"> World Summit on the Information " "Society</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h4> msgid "Digital restrictions management and treacherous computing" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. *[2006]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/opposing-drm.html\"> Opposing Digital Rights " "Mismanagement</a> (by RMS) — Answers to a few common questions about " "DRM." msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. *[2002]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/can-you-trust.html\"> Can You Trust Your Computer?</a> " "(by RMS) — About the so-called “trusted computing” " "initiatives." msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2013]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/nonfree-games.html\"> Nonfree DRM'd Games on " "GNU/Linux: Good or Bad?</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2012]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/correcting-france-mistake.html\"> Correcting My " "Mistake about French Law</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h4> msgid "Network Services" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. *[2010-2020]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html\"> Who does " "that server really serve?</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2020]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/posting-videos.html\"> Posting Videos</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2015]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/whats-wrong-with-youtube.html\"> What's Wrong with " "YouTube</a>" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2014]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/bug-nobody-allowed-to-understand.html\"> The Bug " "Nobody is Allowed to Understand</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2011]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/judge-internet-usage.html\"> A wise user judges each " "Internet usage scenario carefully</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2011]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/keep-control-of-your-computing.html\"> Keep control of " "your computing, so it doesn't control you!</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h4> msgid "Accessing culture" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. *[1996-2016]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/right-to-read.html\"> The Right to Read: A Dystopian " "Short Story</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2012]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/ebooks-must-increase-freedom.html\"> Ebooks must " "increase our freedom, not decrease it</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2011]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.html\"> The Danger of E-Books</a> " "(by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2010]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a " "href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2010/apr/06/digital-economy-bill-richard-stallman\"> " "Digital economy bill: One clown giveth and the other clown taketh away</a> " "(by RMS, on <i>theguardian.com</i>)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2000]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/ebooks.html\"> Ebooks: Freedom Or Copyright</a> (by " "RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2000]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia.html\"> The Free Universal " "Encyclopedia and Learning Resource</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [1999]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/new-monopoly.html\"> U.S. Congress Threatens to " "Establish a New Kind of Monopoly</a> — An attempt of the Congress to " "create a private monopoly over repeating publicly known information." msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [1999]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/stophr3028.html\"> Stop H.R. 3028 - Protect the Net - " "Stop the Trademark Monopolists</a> (by Marc Rotenberg)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h4> msgid "Funding cultural works" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2013]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/funding-art-vs-funding-software.html\"> Funding Art vs " "Funding Software</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [1992]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/dat.html\"> The Right Way to Tax DAT</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h4> msgid "Surveillance, censorship, lock-in, etc." msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. *[2013… ]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary.html\"> Proprietary Software Is Often " "Malware</a> — Clearly established cases of proprietary software that " "does nasty things to the users." msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. *[2015-2019]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/surveillance-vs-democracy.html\"> How Much " "Surveillance Can Democracy Withstand?</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2021]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/wwworst-app-store.html\"> The WWWorst App Store</a> " "(by Alexandre Oliva)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2018]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/phone-anonymous-payment.html\"> Anonymous Payment by " "Phone</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2018]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a " "href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/apr/03/facebook-abusing-data-law-privacy-big-tech-surveillance\"> " "A radical proposal to keep your personal data safe</a> (by RMS, on " "<i>theguardian.com</i>)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2018]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/surveillance-testimony.html\"> Surveillance " "Testimony</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2012]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/ubuntu-spyware.html\"> Ubuntu Spyware: What to Do?</a> " "(by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2009]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/microsoft.html\"> Is Microsoft the Great Satan?</a> " "[<a href=\"/philosophy/microsoft-old.html\">older version</a>]" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2008]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/the-root-of-this-problem.html\"> The Problem Is " "Software Controlled By Its Developer</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2008]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/gates.html\"> It's not the Gates, it's the bars</a> " "(by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2002]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/wassenaar.html\"> The Wassenaar Arrangement</a> " "— Encryption software volunteers needed in countries without export " "control." msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2002]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/ms-doj-tunney.html\"> FSF's Statement in Response to " "Proposed Revised Final Judgment in <cite>Microsoft v. United " "States</cite></a>" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2000]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.html\"> On the Microsoft Verdict</a>" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [1999]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.html\"> The Microsoft Antitrust " "Trial and Free Software</a>" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [1996]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/privacyaction.html\"> Protect Postal Privacy</a> (by " "Kathleen Ellis) — A campaign to resist the proposed rule by the " "United States Postal Service to collect private information from customers." msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [1996]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/basic-freedoms.html\"> Freedoms of Speech, Press, and " "Association</a> — How to protect these freedoms on the Internet." msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [1996]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/censoring-emacs.html\"> Censoring My Software</a> (by " "RMS)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h3> msgid "Terminology and Definitions" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. *[1996… ]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html\"> Words to Avoid (or Use with " "Care) Because They Are Loaded or Confusing</a>" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [1999… ]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/fs-translations.html\"> Translations of the term " "“free software”</a> into various languages." msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [1996-2019]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/categories.html\"> Categories of Free and Nonfree " "Software</a>" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2013]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.html\"> Why Call It The " "Swindle?</a> (by RMS)" msgstr "" #. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag"> #. [2002]</span>' #. #. #echo encoding='none' var='DATE' #. type: Content of: <div><ul><li> msgid "" "<a href=\"/philosophy/wipo-PublicAwarenessOfCopyright-2002.html\"> Public " "Awareness of Copyright, WIPO, June 2002</a> (by RMS) — How WIPO " "recognizes that their system is designed to restrict the public, and how " "they propose to modify terminology so that people won't notice." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes. #. type: Content of: <div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a " "href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a " "href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and " "other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a " "href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, #. replace it with the translation of these two: # #. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality #. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection. #. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard #. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> # #. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> # #. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of #. our web pages, see <a #. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations #. README</a>. #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please see the <a " "href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> " "for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this " "article." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Copyright © 1996-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" " "href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons " "Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits. #. type: Content of: <div><div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*" msgstr "" #. timestamp start #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Updated:" msgstr ""