# LANGUAGE translation of https://www.gnu.org/licenses/rms-why-gplv3.html # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This file is distributed under the same license as the original article. # FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: rms-why-gplv3.html\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2024-12-28 14:25+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. type: Content of: <title> msgid "Why Upgrade to GPLv3 - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h2> msgid "Why Upgrade to GPLv3" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><address> msgid "by Richard Stallman" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "<a href=\"/licenses/gpl.html\">Version 3 of the GNU General Public " "License</a> (GNU GPL) has been released, enabling free software packages to " "upgrade from GPL version 2. This article explains why upgrading the license " "is important." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "First of all, it is important to note that upgrading is a choice. GPL " "version 2 will remain a valid license, and no disaster will happen if some " "programs remain under GPLv2 while others advance to GPLv3. These two " "licenses are incompatible, but that isn't a fundamental problem." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "When we say that GPLv2 and GPLv3 are incompatible, it means there is no " "legal way to combine code under GPLv2 with code under GPLv3 in a single " "program. This is because both GPLv2 and GPLv3 are copyleft licenses: each " "of them says, “If you include code under this license in a larger " "program, the larger program must be under this license too.” There is " "no way to make them compatible. We could add a GPLv2-compatibility clause " "to GPLv3, but it wouldn't do the job, because GPLv2 would need a similar " "clause." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Fortunately, license incompatibility matters only when you want to link, " "merge or combine code from two different programs into a single program. " "There is no problem in having GPLv3-covered and GPLv2-covered programs side " "by side in an operating system. For instance, the TeX license and the " "Apache license are incompatible with GPLv2, but that doesn't stop us from " "running TeX and Apache in the same system with Linux, Bash and GCC. This is " "because they are all separate programs. Likewise, if Bash and GCC move to " "GPLv3, while Linux remains under GPLv2, there is no conflict." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Keeping a program under GPLv2 won't create problems. The reason to migrate " "is because of the existing problems that GPLv3 will address." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "One major danger that GPLv3 will block is tivoization. Tivoization means " "certain “appliances” (which have computers inside) contain " "GPL-covered software that you can't effectively change, because the " "appliance shuts down if it detects modified software. The usual motive for " "tivoization is that the software has features the manufacturer knows people " "will want to change, and aims to stop people from changing them. The " "manufacturers of these computers take advantage of the freedom that free " "software provides, but they don't let you do likewise." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Some argue that competition between appliances in a free market should " "suffice to keep nasty features to a low level. Perhaps competition alone " "would avoid arbitrary, pointless misfeatures like “Must shut down " "between 1pm and 5pm every Tuesday,” but even so, a choice of masters " "isn't freedom. Freedom means <em>you</em> control what your software does, " "not merely that you can beg or threaten someone else who decides for you." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "In the crucial area of Digital Restrictions Management (DRM)—nasty " "features designed to restrict your use of the data in your " "computer—competition is no help, because relevant competition is " "forbidden. Under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act and similar laws, it " "is illegal, in the US and many other countries, to distribute DVD players " "unless they restrict the user according to the official rules of the DVD " "conspiracy (its web site is <a " "href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20241204194614/http://www.dvdcca.org/\">www.dvdcca.org/</a>, " "but the rules do not seem to be published there). The public can't reject " "DRM by buying non-DRM players because none are available. No matter how " "many products you can choose from, they all have equivalent digital " "handcuffs." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "GPLv3 ensures you are free to remove the handcuffs. It doesn't forbid DRM, " "or any kind of feature. It places no limits on the substantive " "functionality you can add to a program, or remove from it. Rather, it makes " "sure that you are just as free to remove nasty features as the distributor " "of your copy was to add them. Tivoization is the way they deny you that " "freedom; to protect your freedom, GPLv3 forbids tivoization." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The ban on tivoization applies to any product whose use by consumers is to " "be expected, even occasionally. GPLv3 tolerates tivoization only for " "products that are almost exclusively meant for businesses and organizations." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Another threat that GPLv3 resists is that of patent deals like the " "Novell-Microsoft pact. Microsoft wants to use its thousands of patents to " "make users pay Microsoft for the privilege of running GNU/Linux, and made " "this pact to try to achieve that. The deal offers rather limited protection " "from Microsoft patents to Novell's customers." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Microsoft made a few mistakes in the Novell-Microsoft deal, and GPLv3 is " "designed to turn them against Microsoft, extending that limited patent " "protection to the whole community. In order to take advantage of this " "protection, programs need to use GPLv3." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Microsoft's lawyers are not stupid, and next time they may manage to avoid " "those mistakes. GPLv3 therefore says they don't get a “next " "time.” Releasing a program under GPL version 3 protects it from " "Microsoft's future attempts to make redistributors collect Microsoft " "royalties from the program's users." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "GPLv3 also provides users with explicit patent protection from the program's " "contributors and redistributors. With GPLv2, users rely on an implicit " "patent license to make sure that the company which provided them a copy " "won't sue them, or the people they redistribute copies to, for patent " "infringement." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The explicit patent license in GPLv3 does not go as far as we might have " "liked. Ideally, we would make everyone who redistributes GPL-covered code " "give up all software patents, along with everyone who does not redistribute " "GPL-covered code, because there should be no software patents. Software " "patents are a vicious and absurd system that puts all software developers in " "danger of being sued by companies they have never heard of, as well as by " "all the megacorporations in the field. Large programs typically combine " "thousands of ideas, so it is no surprise if they implement ideas covered by " "hundreds of patents. Megacorporations collect thousands of patents, and use " "those patents to bully smaller developers. Patents already obstruct free " "software development." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The only way to make software development safe is to abolish software " "patents, and we aim to achieve this some day. But we cannot do this through " "a software license. Any program, free or not, can be killed by a software " "patent in the hands of an unrelated party, and the program's license cannot " "prevent that. Only court decisions or changes in patent law can make " "software development safe from patents. If we tried to do this with GPLv3, " "it would fail." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Therefore, GPLv3 seeks to limit and channel the danger. In particular, we " "have tried to save free software from a fate worse than death: to be made " "effectively proprietary, through patents. The explicit patent license of " "GPLv3 makes sure companies that use the GPL to give users the four freedoms " "cannot turn around and use their patents to tell some users, “That " "doesn't include you.” It also stops them from colluding with other " "patent holders to do this." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Further advantages of GPLv3 include better internationalization, gentler " "termination, support for BitTorrent, and compatibility with the Apache " "license. All in all, plenty of reason to upgrade." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Change is unlikely to cease once GPLv3 is released. If new threats to " "users' freedom develop, we will have to develop GPL version 4. It is " "important to make sure that programs will have no trouble upgrading to GPLv4 " "if and when we write one." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "One way to do this is to release a program under “GPL version 3 or any " "later version.” Another way is for all the contributors to a program " "to state a proxy who can decide on upgrading to future GPL versions. The " "third way is for all the contributors to assign copyright to one designated " "copyright holder, who will be in a position to upgrade the license version. " "One way or another, programs should provide this flexibility for future GPL " "versions." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes. #. type: Content of: <div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a " "href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a " "href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and " "other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a " "href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, #. replace it with the translation of these two: # #. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality #. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection. #. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard #. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> # #. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> # #. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of #. our web pages, see <a #. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations #. README</a>. #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please see the <a " "href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> " "for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this " "article." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Copyright © 2007, 2009, 2022, 2024 Richard Stallman" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" " "href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons " "Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits. #. type: Content of: <div><div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*" msgstr "" #. timestamp start #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Updated:" msgstr ""