# LANGUAGE translation of https://www.gnu.org/licenses/bsd.html # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This file is distributed under the same license as the original article. # FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: bsd.html\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2021-12-25 21:25+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. type: Content of: <title> msgid "The BSD License Problem - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h2> msgid "The BSD License Problem" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><address> msgid "by Richard Stallman" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The two major categories of free software license are <a " "href=\"/licenses/copyleft.html\">copyleft</a> and <a " "href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware\"> " "non-copyleft</a>. <a " "href=\"/licenses/license-list.html#GPLCompatibleLicenses\">Copyleft " "licenses</a> such as the <a href=\"/licenses/gpl.html\">GNU GPL</a> insist " "that modified versions of the program must be free software as well. " "Non-copyleft licenses do not insist on this. <a " "href=\"/philosophy/why-copyleft.html\">We recommend copyleft</a>, because it " "protects freedom for all users, but non-copylefted software can still be " "free software, and useful to the free software community." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "See <a href=\"/licenses/license-recommendations.html\">“How to choose " "a license for your own work”</a> for general recommendations about " "choosing a license for your work." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "There are many variants of simple <a " "href=\"/licenses/license-list.html#GPLCompatibleLicenses\">non-copyleft free " "software licenses</a>, such as the Expat license, FreeBSD license, X10 " "license, the X11 license, and the two BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution) " "licenses. Most of them are equivalent except for details of wording, but " "the license used for BSD until 1999 had a special problem: the " "“obnoxious BSD advertising clause.” It said that every " "advertisement mentioning the software must include a particular sentence:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "" "3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software " "must display the following acknowledgement: This product includes software " "developed by the University of California, Berkeley and its contributors." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Initially the obnoxious BSD advertising clause was used only in the Berkeley " "Software Distribution. That did not cause any particular problem, because " "including one sentence in an ad is not a great practical difficulty." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "If other developers who used BSD-like licenses had copied the BSD " "advertising clause verbatim—including the sentence that refers to the " "University of California—then they would not have made the problem any " "bigger." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "But, as you might expect, other developers did not copy the clause " "verbatim. They changed it, replacing “University of California” " "with their own institution or their own names. The result is a plethora of " "licenses, requiring a plethora of different sentences." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "When people put many such programs together in an operating system, the " "result is a serious problem. Imagine if a software system required 75 " "different sentences, each one naming a different author or group of " "authors. To advertise that, you would need a full-page ad." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "This might seem like extrapolation ad absurdum, but it is actual fact. In a " "1997 version of NetBSD, I counted 75 of these sentences. (Fortunately " "NetBSD has decided to stop adding them, and to remove those it could.)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "To address this problem, in my “spare time” I talk with " "developers who have used BSD-style licenses, asking them if they would " "please remove the advertising clause. Around 1996 I spoke with the " "developers of FreeBSD about this, and they decided to remove the advertising " "clause from all of their own code. In May 1998 the developers of Flick, at " "the University of Utah, removed this clause." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Dean Hal Varian at the University of California took up the cause, and " "championed it with the administration. In June 1999, after two years of " "discussions, the University of California removed this clause from the " "license of BSD." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Thus, there is now a new BSD license which does not contain the advertising " "clause. Unfortunately, this does not eliminate the legacy of the " "advertising clause: similar clauses are still present in the licenses of " "many packages which are not part of BSD. The change in license for BSD has " "no effect on the other packages which imitated the old BSD license; only the " "developers who made them can change them." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "But if they followed Berkeley's lead before, maybe Berkeley's change in " "policy will convince some of them to change. It's worth asking." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "So if you have a favorite package which still uses the BSD license with the " "advertising clause, please ask the maintainer to look at this web page, and " "consider making the change." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "And if you want to release a program as non-copylefted free software, please " "don't use the advertising clause. Thus, instead of copying the BSD license " "from some released package—which might still have the old version of " "the license in it—please use one of the other permissive licenses, " "such as Expat or FreeBSD." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "You can also help spread awareness of the issue by not using the term " "“BSD-style,” and not saying “the BSD license” which " "implies there is only one. You see, when people refer to all non-copyleft " "free software licenses as “BSD-style licenses,” some new free " "software developer who wants to use a non-copyleft free software license " "might take for granted that the place to get it is from BSD. He or she " "might copy the license with the advertising clause, not by specific " "intention, just by chance." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "If you would like to cite one specific example of a non-copyleft license, " "and you have no particular preference, please pick an example which has no " "particular problem. For instance, if you talk about “X11-style " "licenses,” you will encourage people to copy the license from X11, " "which avoids the advertising clause for certain, rather than take a risk by " "randomly choosing one of the BSD licenses." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Or you could mention the non-copyleft license which <a " "href=\"/licenses/license-recommendations.html\"> we recommend over the other " "non-copyleft licenses</a>: the Apache 2.0 license, which has a clause to " "prevent treachery with patents." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "When you want to refer specifically to one of the BSD licenses, please " "always state which one: the “original BSD license” or the " "“modified BSD license.”" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Later a third BSD license variant was introduced, with only the first two of " "the original BSD license's four clauses. We call it the “FreeBSD " "license.” It is a lax, noncopyleft free license, compatible with the " "GNU GPL, much like the modified BSD license." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes. #. type: Content of: <div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a " "href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a " "href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and " "other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a " "href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, #. replace it with the translation of these two: # #. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality #. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection. #. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard #. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> # #. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> # #. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing" translations of #. our web pages, see <a #. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations #. README</a>. #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please see the <a " "href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> " "for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this " "article." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2002, 2003, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2012, 2015, 2021 " "Free Software Foundation, Inc." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" " "href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons " "Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits. #. type: Content of: <div><div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*" msgstr "" #. timestamp start #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Updated:" msgstr ""