# LANGUAGE translation of https://www.gnu.org/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This file is distributed under the same license as the original article. # FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: why-gnu-linux.html\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2021-08-30 13:26+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. type: Content of: <title> msgid "Why GNU/Linux? - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><h2> msgid "What's in a Name?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><address> msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\">Richard Stallman</a>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Names convey meanings; our choice of names determines the meaning of what we " "say. An inappropriate name gives people the wrong idea. A rose by any " "other name would smell as sweet—but if you call it a pen, people will " "be rather disappointed when they try to write with it. And if you call pens " "“roses,” people may not realize what they are good for. If you " "call our operating system Linux, that conveys a mistaken idea of the " "system's origin, history, and purpose. If you call it <a " "href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">GNU/Linux</a>, that conveys (though not in " "detail) an accurate idea." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "To learn more about this issue, you can read our <a " "href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\">GNU/Linux FAQ</a>, our page on <a " "href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">Linux and the GNU System</a>, which gives a " "history of the GNU/Linux system as it relates to this issue of naming, and " "our page on <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.html\">GNU Users Who " "Have Never Heard of GNU</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Does this really matter for our community? Is it important whether people " "know the system's origin, history, and purpose? Yes—because people who " "forget history are often condemned to repeat it. The Free World that has " "developed around <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">GNU/Linux</a> is not " "guaranteed to survive; the problems that led us to develop GNU are not " "completely eradicated, and they threaten to come back." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "When I explain why it's appropriate to call the operating system GNU/Linux " "rather than Linux, people sometimes respond this way:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p> msgid "" "<em> Granted that the GNU Project deserves credit for this work, is it " "really worth a fuss when people don't give credit? Isn't the important thing " "that the job was done, not who did it? You ought to relax, take pride in the " "job well done, and not worry about the credit. </em>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "This would be wise advice, if only the situation were like that—if the " "job were done and it were time to relax. If only that were true! But " "challenges abound, and this is no time to take the future for granted. Our " "community's strength rests on commitment to freedom and cooperation. Using " "the name <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">GNU/Linux</a> is a way for " "people to remind themselves and inform others of these goals." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "It is possible to write good free software without thinking of GNU; much " "good work has been done in the name of Linux also. But the term " "“Linux” has been associated ever since it was first coined with " "a philosophy that does not make a commitment to the freedom to cooperate. " "As the name is increasingly used by business, we will have even more trouble " "making it connect with community spirit." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "A great challenge to the future of free software comes from the tendency of " "the “Linux” distribution companies to add nonfree software to <a " "href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">GNU/Linux</a> in the name of convenience " "and power. All the major commercial distribution developers do this; none " "limits itself to free software. Most of them do not clearly identify the " "nonfree packages in their distributions. Many even develop nonfree software " "and add it to the system. Some outrageously advertise “Linux” " "systems that are “licensed per seat,” which give the user as " "much freedom as Microsoft Windows." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "People try to justify adding nonfree software in the name of the " "“popularity of Linux”—in effect, valuing popularity above " "freedom. Sometimes this is openly admitted. For instance, Wired Magazine " "said that Robert McMillan, editor of Linux Magazine, “feels that the " "move toward open source software should be fueled by technical, rather than " "political, decisions.” And Caldera's <abbr title=\"Chief Executive " "Officer\">CEO</abbr> openly urged users to <a " "href=\"https://www.zdnet.com/article/stallman-love-is-not-free/\">drop the " "goal of freedom and work instead for the “popularity of " "Linux”</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Adding nonfree software to the <a " "href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">GNU/Linux</a> system may increase the " "popularity, if by popularity we mean the number of people using some of <a " "href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">GNU/Linux</a> in combination with nonfree " "software. But at the same time, it implicitly encourages the community to " "accept nonfree software as a good thing, and forget the goal of freedom. It " "is not good to drive faster if you can't stay on the road." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "When the nonfree “add-on” is a library or programming tool, it " "can become a trap for free software developers. When they write free " "software that depends on the nonfree package, their software cannot be part " "of a completely free system. Motif and Qt trapped large amounts of free " "software in this way in the past, creating problems whose solutions took " "years. Motif remained somewhat of a problem until it became obsolete and " "was no longer used. Later, Sun's nonfree Java implementation had a similar " "effect: the <a href=\"/philosophy/java-trap.html\">Java Trap</a>, " "fortunately now mostly corrected." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "If our community keeps moving in this direction, it could redirect the " "future of <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">GNU/Linux</a> into a mosaic of " "free and nonfree components. Five years from now, we will surely still have " "plenty of free software; but if we are not careful, it will hardly be usable " "without the nonfree software that users expect to find with it. If this " "happens, our campaign for freedom will have failed." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "If releasing free alternatives were simply a matter of programming, solving " "future problems might become easier as our community's development resources " "increase. But we face obstacles that threaten to make this harder: laws " "that prohibit free software. As software patents mount up, and as laws like " "the <abbr title=\"Digital Millennium Copyright Act\">DMCA</abbr> are used to " "prohibit the development of free software for important jobs such as viewing " "a DVD or listening to a RealAudio stream, we will find ourselves with no " "clear way to fight the patented and secret data formats except to " "<strong>reject the nonfree programs that use them</strong>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "Meeting these challenges will require many different kinds of effort. But " "what we need above all, to confront any kind of challenge, is to remember " "the goal of freedom to cooperate. We can't expect a mere desire for " "powerful, reliable software to motivate people to make great efforts. We " "need the kind of determination that people have when they fight for their " "freedom and their community—determination to keep on for years and not " "give up." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "In our community, this goal and this determination emanate mainly from the " "GNU Project. We're the ones who talk about freedom and community as " "something to stand firm for; the organizations that speak of " "“Linux” normally don't say this. The magazines about " "“Linux” are typically full of ads for nonfree software; the " "companies that package “Linux” add nonfree software to the " "system; other companies “support Linux” by developing nonfree " "applications to run on GNU/Linux; the user groups for “Linux” " "typically invite salesman to present those applications. The main place " "people in our community are likely to come across the idea of freedom and " "determination is in the GNU Project." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "But when people come across it, will they feel it relates to them?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "People who know they are using a system that came out of the GNU Project can " "see a direct relationship between themselves and GNU. They won't " "automatically agree with our philosophy, but at least they will see a reason " "to think seriously about it. In contrast, people who consider themselves " "“Linux users,” and believe that the GNU Project “developed " "tools which proved to be useful in Linux,” typically perceive only an " "indirect relationship between GNU and themselves. They may just ignore the " "GNU philosophy when they come across it." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "The GNU Project is idealistic, and anyone encouraging idealism today faces a " "great obstacle: the prevailing ideology encourages people to dismiss " "idealism as “impractical.” Our idealism has been extremely " "practical: it is the reason we have a free <a " "href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">GNU/Linux</a> operating system. People who " "love this system ought to know that it is our idealism made real." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "If “the job” really were done, if there were nothing at stake " "except credit, perhaps it would be wiser to let the matter drop. But we are " "not in that position. To inspire people to do the work that needs to be " "done, we need to be recognized for what we have already done. Please help " "us, by calling the operating system <a " "href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">GNU/Linux</a>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "This essay is published in <a " "href=\"https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/\"><cite>Free " "Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard " "M. Stallman</cite></a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes. #. type: Content of: <div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a " "href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a " "href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and " "other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a " "href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, #. replace it with the translation of these two: # #. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality #. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection. #. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard #. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> # #. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> # #. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of #. our web pages, see <a #. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations #. README</a>. #. type: Content of: <div><div><p> msgid "" "Please see the <a " "href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> " "for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this " "article." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Copyright © 2000, 2007, 2021 Richard Stallman" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "" "This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" " "href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons " "Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>." msgstr "" #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits. #. type: Content of: <div><div> msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*" msgstr "" #. timestamp start #. type: Content of: <div><p> msgid "Updated:" msgstr ""